THE SIX FORCES OF STATE INTERVENTIONISM AND THE SPIRAL OF INTERVENTIONISM: EVIDENCE FROM FRANCE'S COVID-19 RESPONSE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52195/pm.v23i2.1939Palabras clave
Las 6 Fuerzas del Intervencionismo Estatal, Intervencionismo Estatal, Economía Austriaca, Ludwig von Mises, Interferencia Gubernamental, Distorsiones Económicas, Análisis de Políticas Públicas.
Resumen
Este artículo propone las Fuerzas del Intervencionismo Estatal, un marco sistemático inspirado en Ludwig von Mises para evaluar las consecuencias de la interferencia gubernamental en los mercados. Aunque la pandemia de COVID-19 reavivó los debates sobre la intervención estatal, la respuesta francesa destaca como un caso paradigmático de intervencionismo acelerado, lo que denominaría una espiral de intervencionismo. A pesar del uso generalizado de herramientas analíticas como SWOT, PESTEL o las Cinco Fuerzas de Porter en el ámbito empresarial y de las políticas públicas, no se ha desarrollado ningún modelo estructurado, basado en la economía austriaca, para evaluar las dinámicas intervencionistas. Tomando como referencia Interventionism: An Economic Analysis (1998) de Mises, este artículo clasifica la interferencia estatal en seis fuerzas: (1) Restricciones, (2) Controles de precios, (3) Inflación y expansión del crédito, (4) Confiscación y subsidios, (5) Corporativismo y sindicalismo, y (6) Economía de guerra. Aplicamos este marco al caso de la respuesta francesa frente a la COVID-19 (2020-2022) para ilustrar cómo estas fuerzas contribuyeron conjuntamente a generar distorsiones duraderas, búsqueda de rentas y tensiones sociales. Más allá del estudio de caso, el modelo ofrece una herramienta versátil y pedagógica para la enseñanza, la evaluación de políticas y el análisis comparado de dinámicas intervencionistas. Asimismo, conecta los aportes de la escuela austriaca con los desafíos contemporáneos de política pública, invitando a futuras aplicaciones empíricas y a refinamientos teóricos adicionales.
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